Current status and future perspective of immunotherapy in gastrointe

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a major public health problemworldwide. Due to the late detection and high heterogeneity of GI cancers, traditional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targetedtherapy have shown limited effects and the overall prognosis of these patientsremains poor. Recently, immunotherapy,involving programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has shown promising efficacy in several solid cancers, and seems to become a potential treatment option for GI cancers This review focuses on data on the development of immunotherapy-based clinical trials in esophageal cancer, gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer(CRC).