The integration of biotissues and electronics

The collection of physiological signals as well as the electrical stimulation to the biotissues are significant but challenging. There is a huge gap between the living systems and electronics. Biotissues are wet and soft, while electronics are dry and relatively stiff; biotissues conduct ions, while electronic materials often conduct electrons. As a result, forming a stable interface for bidirectional electrical communications between electronics and the living systems is required. In this perspective, we review recent landmark progresses made in this field, and propose a few future directions that scientists may further work on.