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Earth, home of human beings, is 70% water and 30% land which has nurtured splendid civilizations and flourishing lives. The cover story of this issue reflects the evolution of Earth by merging an unknown planet in a unified scene with different landscapes throughout the history such as glacier, desert, ocean, mountain, river and magma. The contrast between the past to reality can best illustrate our respect to our motherland. It is not only the subjects of geoscience studies, but also the common goal of all multidisciplinary research and the shared duties of mankind to understand, care and protect our planet to build a better future. |
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Position: Home > issue > May 28, 2021 Volume 2, Issue 2 |
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Restored Relationship between ENSO and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Around 1999/2000 |
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Graphical abstract
El Niño每Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was identified as the dominant predictor for the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) in the early 1900s. An apparent weakening of the ENSO每ISMR relationship has been observed since the 1970s. Here, we found a clear restoration of the ENSO每ISMR relationship since 1999/2000. This restoring relationship is closely linked to the interdecadal transition of ENSO evolution and the associated sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the tropical Atlantic. During 1979每1997, summer ENSO events mainly continued from the previous winter, which can drive apparent Atlantic Niña SSTAs to offset ENSO's impact on ISMR and weaken the ENSO每ISMR relationship.

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