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| On the cover: About 100,000 years ago, Diverse Homo species coexisted with our own species Homo sapiens. The Harbin cranium, or the Dragon Man, is one of the best preserved Middle Pleistocene human fossils. The cranium has a large cranial capacity falling in the range of modern humans, but is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the diversification of the Homo genus had a much more distant past than previously presumed. The Harbin cranium and some other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China represent the third human lineage that is the sister group of H. sapiens and has closer relationships with H. sapiens than Neanderthals with H. sapiens. Multiple Homo lineages in Africa, Asia and Europe probably had a strong capability for long-distance dispersal, but remained in relatively small and isolated populations. Diverse palaeoenvironments in Asia may have produced a varied biogeographic sink for human evolution. |
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| Position: Home > issue > August 28, 2021 Volume 2, Issue 3 |
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| Low-latitude Forcing: A New Insight into Paleo-climate Changes |
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Orbital cycles of the Earth and carbon cycle in the ocean The origin of glacial cycles is central to paleo-climate research. A major breakthrough of Earth science in the 20th century was the discovery of orbital forcing of the glacial cycles, known as the Milankovitch theory. The periodicity of the glacial cycles over the last million years was successfully explained by the variations of June solar insolation at 65¡ãN. In responding to the changes in the Arctic polar ice sheet driven by insolation, the production of the North Atlantic deep water drives the global climate changes through the ¡°great conveyer belt¡± of the global ocean.
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