Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
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ABSTRACT
With the rise of environmental awareness and emergence of energy crisis, lithium-ion batteries have gained widespread adoption as new energy storage solution for electric vehicles and mobile electronics. However, the shortage of raw materials and surge in the number of end-of-life batteries have intensified in recent years. Consequently, the recycling and reuse of spent lithium-ion batteries have become critically important for sustainable energy development. This perspective comprehensively outlines the current state of mainstream battery recycling and regeneration methods, along with associated advantages and challenges. It also offers corresponding guidance and insights for technical feasibility and regeneration efficiency for effectively recovering the physical and electrochemical properties of degraded battery materials. This perspective provides a possible focus for future research and technical pathways for the high-value recycling of spent batteries. -
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REFERENCES
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Deng W., Qin J. and Tang J. (2026). Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Energy Use 2:100041. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100041
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Deng W., Qin J. and Tang J. (2026). Recycling Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Energy Use 2:100041. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100041
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Figure 1.
Simplified battery recycling processes of pyrometallurgical (‘‘Pyro’’) and hydrometallurgical (‘‘Hydro’’), and direct recycling.