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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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Climate change is accelerated by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and its effects are increasingly felt globally.
Transitioning to renewable energy sources and enhancing carbon sinks are crucial steps in mitigating climate change.
Adaptation to climate change requires a combination of strategies that foster resilience in local communities and ecosystems.
Carbon quantification, modeling, and pricing are key areas that need to be further developed to address climate change.
This review discusses the current status and prospects of global climate change, focusing on mitigation and adaptation strategies.
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ABSTRACT
The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's climate is caused by increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily due to emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over the next two to three decades, the effects of climate change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, and floods, are expected to worsen, posing greater risks to human health and global stability. These trends call for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Pollution and environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems and make people and nature more susceptible to the effects of climate change. In this review, we examine the current state of global climate change from different perspectives. We summarize evidence of climate change in Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways and drivers of climate change, and analyze the impact of climate change on environmental and human health. We also explore strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation and highlight key challenges for reversing and adapting to global climate change. -
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Wang F., Harindintwali J.-D., Wei K., et al., (2023). Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The Innovation Geoscience 1(1), 100015. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2023.100015
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Wang F., Harindintwali J.-D., Wei K., et al., (2023). Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The Innovation Geoscience 1(1), 100015. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2023.100015
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Figure 1.
Schematic representation of the global mean energy balance process associated with the natural (left) and human-enhanced (right) greenhouse effect, with bright yellow indicating incoming solar shortwave radiation and red representing outgoing terrestrial longwave radiation.
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Figure 2.
Evolution of atmospheric CO2 over the past 800,000 years (800 kyr), major climate change drivers, and greenhouse effect
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Figure 3.
Evidence of global climate change and its effects on the environment.
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Figure 4.
The consequences of protecting and not protecting biodiversity from human impacts with and without mitigation of anthropogenic climate change
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Figure 5.
Nature- and technology-based solutions for climate change mitigation.
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Figure 6.
Ecosystem-based management options for the adaptation to climate change in global systems.
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Figure 7.
The status of carbon pricing initiatives worldwide
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