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The Innovation Geoscience > 2025 Vol. 3 > No. 4 > 100167
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Toward an integrated framework on AMOC stability: Combining theory, observations, paleoclimate records, model simulations and AI

  • 1.

    State Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

  • 2.

    Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China

  • 3.

    British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK

  • 4.

    National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

  • 5.

    Laboratory for Climate and Ocean–Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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The Innovation Geoscience  3(4),  https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100167  |  Cite this article
    ABSTRACT
  • The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a critical role in regulating global heat and hydrological redistributions. A primary concern regarding AMOC is its potential future collapse, as suggested by paleoclimate records and the indications coming from models of different levels of complexity. Different approaches have been applied to investigate AMOC stability and project its future evolution, yet critical challenges persist, such as incomplete understanding of driving mechanisms, short observation duration, limitations in paleoclimate reconstructions, persistent model biases and methodological constraints in tipping-point predictions. For more accurate projections of future AMOC variability, we suggest using paleoclimate tipping events as benchmarks for validating understanding and simulations of AMOC tipping, and propose an integrated research framework on AMOC stability that combines theory, observations, paleoclimate records, model simulations and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The strategy mainly includes three steps: paleoclimate simulations, model-data comparison and model selection, and deep learning.
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  • Cite this article:

    Lin X., Zhang X., Wu B., et al. (2025). Toward an integrated framework on AMOC stability: Combining theory, observations, paleoclimate records, model simulations and AI. The Innovation Geoscience 3:100167. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100167
    Lin X., Zhang X., Wu B., et al. (2025). Toward an integrated framework on AMOC stability: Combining theory, observations, paleoclimate records, model simulations and AI. The Innovation Geoscience 3:100167. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100167

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