Sequential production of secondary metabolites by one operon affects interspecies interactions in Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087

Lijuan Liu; Guoqiang Chen; Jianhui Liu; Wenzhi Bao; Xing Li; Kaiguang Yang; Sujuan Shi; Baofeng Zhao; Qian Wang; Xiaohe Cao; Jiming Wang; Xiao Men; Fan Wang; Ge Zhang; Lihua Zhang; Haibo Zhang

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2023.100023

The Innovation Life > 2023 Vol. 1 > No. 2 > 100023

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Sequential production of secondary metabolites by one operon affects interspecies interactions in Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087

1.
Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
3.
Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
4.
Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, China
5.
Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, China
6.
Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
7.
These authors contributed equally

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Corresponding authors: lihuazhang@dicp.ac.cn (L.Z.); zhanghb@qibebt.ac.cn (H.Z.)
Received Date: 23 May 2023

Accepted Date: 27 August 2023

Published Online: 29 August 2023

The Innovation Life 1(2), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2023.100023 | Cite this article

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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. KDC4427 is up-regulated and ADH4428 is down-regulated with bacteria growth.
  
  KDC4427 shows a higher k_cat value for phenylpyruvate, and has higher affinity for indolepyruvate.
  
  KDC4427/ADH4428 ratio and enzymatic characteristics of KDC4427 mediate the fluxes of 2-PE and IAA.
  
  2-PE and IAA are produced sequentially in exponential growth phase and stationary phase.
  
  The process facilitates bacteria to orchestrate competition and cooperation for better survival.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Many bacteria secrete secondary metabolites to compete or cooperate with other microbes or hosts in diverse and dynamic ecological niches. 2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are small metabolites that play important roles in biological and ecological functions, produced by microorganisms. They are synthesized via expanded shikimate pathways, and required the key enzyme α-ketoacid decarboxylase. Here we show an adaptive strategy driven by secondary metabolites in accordance with bacteria survival state. A soil derived Enterobacter strain CGMCC 5087 produces 2-PE in exponential growth phase whenever in nutrient rich or limited environments that suppresses microbial competitors, but produces IAA at the onset of stationary phase only in a tryptophann rich environment enabling plant growth promotion, which is in an α-ketoacid decarboxylase KDC4427 dependent manner. The metabolic fluxes of 2-PE and IAA are mediated by the ratio of KDC4427 and an L-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reductase gene ADH4428, which are transcribed divergently by a bidirectional promoter in one operon, and by the enzyme activity characteristics of KDC4427. The expression of KDC4427 is up-regulated with bacteria growth, while ADH4428 is down-regulated; simultaneously, KDC4427 shows a higher k_cat value for phenylpyruvate, and has a higher affinity for indolepyruvate, thus making the reaction flow towards the production of 2-PE in exponential growth phase, however as the growth of bacteria enters the stationary phase, the production of IAA is increased. Additionally, we demonstrated that TyrR and RpoS activate and repress the expression of KDC4427 and ADH4428 through direct binding to the bidirectional promoter. These results reveal an ingenious control of competition and cooperation behaviours through fine-tuning the sequential synthesis of 2-PE and IAA in response to growth and environmental conditions.

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Liu L., Chen G., Liu J., et al., (2023). Sequential production of secondary metabolites by one operon affects interspecies interactions in Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087. The Innovation Life 1(2), 100023. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2023.100023

Liu L., Chen G., Liu J., et al., (2023). Sequential production of secondary metabolites by one operon affects interspecies interactions in Enterobacter sp. CGMCC 5087. The Innovation Life 1(2), 100023. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2023.100023

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