Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies

Ning Xiao; Yi Ding; Bing Cui; Rong-rong Li; Xin-ru Qu; Hong Zhou; Ka-hei Au; Xiu-de Fan; Jin-chen Xie; Yuan Huang; Shu-min Zhang; Hong-yi Du; Yi-fan Wu; Peng Wang; Xiao-fei Hu; You-fa Wang; Jia-jun Zhao; Wah Yang; Ying Wang; Xiao-lei Zhang; Wei Chen; Yao-hua Zhang; Sheng-shou Hu; Yu-fang Bi; Xue Feng

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100090

The Innovation Medicine > 2024 Vol. 2 > No. 3 > 100090

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Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies

1.
Healthy Lifestyle Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
2.
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
4.
Beijing Key Laboratory of the Innovative Development of Functional Staple and the Nutritional Intervention for Chronic Disease, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Beijing 100005, China
5.
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
6.
Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China
7.
Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
8.
Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
9.
International Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research Center, Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
10.
Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China
11.
Cardiac Surgery Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
12.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
13.
Healthy Lifestyle Medicine Center, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Subcenter of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou 451464, China
14.
Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
15.
National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing 100101, China
16.
The Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
17.
Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100120, China
18.
Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
19.
These authors contributed equally

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Corresponding authors: harryzonetmmu@163.com (X.H.); youfawang@xjtu.edu.cn (Y.W.); jjzhao@sdu.edu.cn (J.Z.); yangwah@qq.com (W.Y.); nancywangying@163.com (Y.W.); yutian728@sina.com (X.Z.); txchenwei@sina.com (W.C.); yaohuaz@hotmail.com (Y.Z.); huss@fuwaihospital.org (S.H.); byf10784@rjh.com.cn (F.B.); fengxue@fuwaihospital.org (X.F.);
Received Date: 07 August 2024

Accepted Date: 11 September 2024

Published Online: 12 September 2024

The Innovation Medicine 2(3), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100090 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. Lifestyle interventions are the preferred method for obesity intervention and treatment.
  
  Advancements in digital technology and wearable devices provide a new pathway for obesity management.
  
  Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for obesity intervention.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Obesity, a growing global health crisis, is driven by a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, behavioral, socio-cultural, and economic factors. This comprehensive review encapsulates the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanism, and the myriad of health complications it triggers, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological disorders, respiratory ailments, digestive diseases, mobility impairments, and psychological stress. The etiology of obesity is multifaceted, involving genetic predispositions, environmental influences, behavioral tendencies, and socio-economic elements. The pathophysiological underpinnings of obesity encompass multifaceted aspects of energy metabolism, including the regulation of appetite, glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. This review also addresses the seemingly contradictory roles of obesity in various diseases, offering insights into these phenomena. The management of obesity is multi-pronged, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and metabolic surgeries. Lifestyle changes are foundational, but advancements in molecular techniques, digital technology, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence are opening new avenues for personalized treatment and early intervention. Pharmacological treatment and metabolic surgery are effective but should be judiciously tailored to individual patient needs. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to obesity management, aiming to curb the escalating trend and enhance future interventions and treatments. The ultimate goal is to synthesize current evidence and innovative strategies to combat obesity effectively.

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Xiao N., Ding Y., Cui B., et al., (2024). Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies. The Innovation Medicine 2(3): 100090. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100090

Xiao N., Ding Y., Cui B., et al., (2024). Navigating obesity: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications and management strategies. The Innovation Medicine 2(3): 100090. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100090

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