Co-evolution of urban power network and electric mobility

Tao Qian; Mingyu Fang; Rui Jing; Zhe Wang; Wenlong Ming; Yue Zhou; Chengcheng Shao; Qinran Hu; Xiuli Wang; Zaijun Wu; Jianzhong Wu; Xifan Wang

doi:10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2025.100006

Energy Use > 2025 Vol. 1 > No. 1 > 100006

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Co-evolution of urban power network and electric mobility

1.
School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2.
College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
3.
School of Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
4.
School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
5.
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
6.
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

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Fund Project: This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China U24B2081 and 52307085.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Corresponding author: qhu@seu.edu.cn
Received Date: August 22, 2025

Accepted Date: September 10, 2025

Published Online: September 25, 2025

Energy Use 1(1), https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2025.100006 | Cite this article

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. Data-driven approach identifies and quantifies bottlenecks in urban power networks (UPNs) due to electric vehicle adoption.
  
  Finds UPN bottlenecks in Xi'an will emerge by 2026, with smart charging first applied to address them.
  
  Proposes UPN evolution with rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) and soft open points (SOPs) starting in 2032.
  
  Xi'an's UPNs can support China's EV integration target without large-scale network upgrades using the proposed measures.
  
  Ensures sustainable co-evolution of UPNs and electric mobility through strategic interventions.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Urban power networks (UPNs) are crucial for decarbonization of urban transport sector through electrifying mobility. Serious concerns have been raised that a large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) may bring significant uncertainties and spatial imbalance to UPNs. Here, we present a data-driven approach to identify and quantify bottlenecks of UPNs with the development of electric mobility and further propose an effective solution to achieve sustainable co-evolution of the UPNs and electric mobility. Taking a megacity, Xi'an, China, as a representative case, we find that the earliest UPNs’ bottlenecks would emerge by 2026. EVs smart charging will be firstly applied to eliminate bottlenecks in 2026, followed by power networks evolution with rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) installation and soft open points (SOPs) starting from 2032. Based on those measures, UPNs in Xi'an city are able to support the achievement of China's EVs integration target even without large-scale urban electrical network upgrade.

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Qian T., Fang M., Jing R., et al. (2025). Co-evolution of urban power network and electric mobility. Energy Use 1:100006. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2025.100006

Qian T., Fang M., Jing R., et al. (2025). Co-evolution of urban power network and electric mobility. Energy Use 1:100006. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2025.100006

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