Historical land use and land cover change reduced the temperature of cold extremes more than that of hot extremes
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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We quantified the impact of historical land use and land cover change (LULCC) on extreme temperature.
LULCC has enhanced cold extremes and alleviated hot extremes over the mid-latitudes of northern hemisphere.
The strongest changes are observed in the central and eastern North America and Europe.
These changes are largely the results of climate feedback due to LULCC.
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ABSTRACT
The impact of historical land use and land cover change (LULCC) on the mean climate has been extensively studied, but its impact on temperature extremes is not well understood. This study investigates the biophysical effect of LULCC on temperature extremes using two sets of model simulations – one with land use fixed at 1850 level and the other with historical LULCC from 1850 to 2014. We find that the historical LULCC has two asymmetric effects: (i) it decreases the temperature of coldest day (–0.56 ± 0.23 K; mean ± std. error) more than that of the hottest day (–0.21 ± 0.07 K) at the mid-latitudes of northern hemisphere; and (ii) it has a stronger impact in the mid-latitudes of northern hemisphere relative to the tropical region. These changes result largely from an indirect effect of LULCC via changes in clouds, circulations, and the downward longwave radiation. We stress that the indirect effects from climate feedback of LULCC should be considered when implementing reforestation policy. -
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REFERENCES
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Tang T., Lee X., and Zhang K. (2024). Historical land use and land cover change reduced the temperature of cold extremes more than that of hot extremes. The Innovation Geoscience 2(3): 100079. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100079
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Tang T., Lee X., and Zhang K. (2024). Historical land use and land cover change reduced the temperature of cold extremes more than that of hot extremes. The Innovation Geoscience 2(3): 100079. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100079
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Figure 1.
Spatial pattern of fractional changes of land type in each gridcell in 1995-2014 relative to 1850
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Figure 2.
Spatial pattern of MMM changes of extreme temperature indices
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Figure 3.
Changes in the number of extreme cold (blue) and hot days (red) as functions of percentile for the selected regions
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Figure 4.
Direct (left column) and indirect (middle column) effects of LULCC on the four temperature indices
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Figure 5.
Changes of surface energy budget and circulations
