Zoo of Silicon-based quantum bits

Schematic diagram of various silicon-based quantum dots

Silicon-based quantum dots are considered a promising platform for large-scale quantum computing because of their compatibility with the mature CMOS fabrication technology and long spin lifetime. The spins of an electron confined in gatedefined quantum dots or the nuclear spins of donor-doped atoms embedded in the Simatrix can be used as the basic unit of quantum computing, i.e., quantum bit (qubit), and the exchange interactions between spins serve to couple different qubits and thus generate two-qubit logic operations. These two features ensure that semiconductors can be constructed as universal quantum computers, which means that the same machine can solve different problems.