Pan-spatial Earth Information System (PEIS): A new methodology for cognizing the earth system

The PEIS is designed to meet the advanced research needs of Anthropocene Earth science. Connected by continuous data streams and driven by cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, this intelligent spatial information system enables organic integration, precise mapping, virtual‒physical interaction, and intelligent intervention across geophysical, societal, and informational spaces. By leveraging a global, ubiquitous "sky-space-ground-sea" multidimensional sensing network, the system dynamically perceives and monitors natural environments, climate changes, and geological processes within physical space, as well as human activities within societal space. This facilitates precise mapping from both physical and societal spaces into the information space. Within the information space, the system integrates data, aids in the construction of twin models, and enables scenario-based decision-making for diverse phenomena and events occurring in physical and societal spaces. This structure supports virtual‒physical interaction and intelligent interventions from the information space back to the physical and societal spaces, enabling data- and model-driven research in Anthropocene Earth science. Ultimately, the system advances human civilization, supports a habitable Earth, and promotes sustainable social development.