Expression pattern of glutaminase informs the dynamics of glutamine metabolism
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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We propose a universal approach to quantify glutamine metabolism via glutaminase expression patterns.
We reveal key timings and insights into glutamine metabolism dynamics in development, diseases, and cancer.
Altered glutamine metabolism in cancer patients' plasma (PBMCs, platelets) aids noninvasive diagnosis.
Glutaminase expression patterns track glutamine metabolism dynamics, demonstrating translational value.
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ABSTRACT
Glutamine is an essential nutrient that plays critical roles in both normal physiological processes and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we introduce a quantitative approach to trace the dynamics of glutamine metabolism by monitoring the expression patterns of glutaminase (GLS) and its two splicing isoforms, whose coding products exhibit distinct catalytic activities. This approach can be seamlessly integrated with quantitative PCR (qPCR), conventional bulk RNA sequencing, and emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies. We identified key temporal dynamics of glutamine metabolism during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation. Additionally, we characterized alterations in glutamine metabolism across various disease states and in response to drug treatments. In cancer, glutamine metabolism is highly variable across tumor types and is associated with T-cell exhaustion within the tumor microenvironment, as well as the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells. Furthermore, aberrant glutamine metabolism was detected in various peripheral blood analytes from cancer patients, suggesting the potential for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Our findings demonstrate the utility of quantitative glutamine metabolism tracing in investigating cellular processes, disease mechanisms, therapeutic responses, and its potential application in translational medicine. -
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Hu D., Wang W., Zhao X., et al. (2025). Expression pattern of glutaminase informs the dynamics of glutamine metabolism. The Innovation Life 3:100128. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2024.100128
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Hu D., Wang W., Zhao X., et al. (2025). Expression pattern of glutaminase informs the dynamics of glutamine metabolism. The Innovation Life 3:100128. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2024.100128
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Figure 1.
Glutamine metabolism patterns in human tissues and cell lines
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Figure 2.
Glutamine metabolism dynamics in development and differentiation
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Figure 3.
Glutamine metabolism in diseases
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Figure 4.
Glutamine metabolism in cancer
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Figure 5.
Glutamine metabolism dynamics in cancer metastasis
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Figure 6.
Glutamine metabolism in peripheral blood for non-invasive cancer diagnosis
