Prenylated flavonoids combat metabolically dormant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting FarR

Zhili Sheng; Jincan Luo; An Gong; Haijiao Wang; Shengtao Bo; Nannan Wang; Guanlie Li; Jinhai Luo; Baoning Liu; Yu Fu; Guangyi Dai; Mingwei Min; Man Zhang; Baojun Xu; Yueming Jiang; Zifeng Yang; Bao Yang

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2025.100154

The Innovation Life > 2025 Vol. 3 > No. 3 > 100154

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Prenylated flavonoids combat metabolically dormant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting FarR

1.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Prominent Crops, State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of South China Plant Ex situ Conservation and Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
2.
South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
5.
Guangzhou National Laboratory, International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
6.
Center for Forensic Technology, Public Security Bureau of Zhaoqing Municipality, Zhaoqing 52600, China
7.
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, China
8.
Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
9.
Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou 511436, China
10.
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
11.
These authors contributed equally

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Corresponding authors: yangbao@scbg.ac.cn (B.Y.); jeffyah@163.com (Z.Y.)
Received Date: May 21, 2025

Accepted Date: August 12, 2025

Published Online: August 18, 2025

The Innovation Life 3(3), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2025.100154 | Cite this article

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PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. A total of 44 prenylated flavonoids were evaluated for antimicrobial activity.
  
  3'-C-geranylphloretin (GP) kills multi drug resistant S. aureus (MRSA) persister and induces apoptosis-like cell death.
  
  GP activates the TCA cycle in S. aureus, disrupting fatty acid metabolism. FarR participates in GP-mediated bactericidal cell death.
  
  FarR is first reported as a critical regulator governing S. aureus persister cell development.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance and bacterial persistence threaten global health, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a particularly challenging pathogen. In this work, 3'-C-geranylphloretin (GP), a prenylated phenolic compound, showed better bactericidal activity against dormant MRSA cells than vancomycin. It significantly decreased bacterial loads, lung index, and improved pathological deterioration mediated by MRSA infection in vivo, and showed good safety to normal mice. Bacterial clearance was directly observed by two-photon excitation microscopy. GP disrupted bacterial persistence by targeting the transcriptional regulator FarR, which activated fatty acid and energy metabolism. Besides, GP-induced cell membrane disruption and apoptosis-like cell death in MRSA are caused by chromosomal condensation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and caspase-3/7 activation. Our research holds potential for anti-persister drug development.

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Sheng Z., Luo J., Gong A., et al. (2025). Prenylated flavonoids combat metabolically dormant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting FarR. The Innovation Life 3:100154. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2025.100154

Sheng Z., Luo J., Gong A., et al. (2025). Prenylated flavonoids combat metabolically dormant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting FarR. The Innovation Life 3:100154. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2025.100154

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Prenylated flavonoids combat metabolically dormant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by targeting FarR

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