Emerging two-dimensional materials: Synthesis, physical properties, and application for catalysis in energy conversion and storage
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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The breadth, synthesis methods, and physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials are summarized.
The applications of 2D catalysts in energy conversion and storage are discussed.
Opportunities for designing highly efficient 2D catalysts and expanding their applications are presented.
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ABSTRACT
Inorganic, organic, and hybrid two-dimensional (2D) materials are being developed for ever-expanding numbers of applications, though energy and catalysis remain the main drivers of their development. We present overviews of bottom-up and top-down synthetic strategies of such materials and examine manufacturing scalability issues. Mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties and their modulation are highlighted because they are fundamental to the above-mentioned drivers. The burgeoning importance of heterostructures in such materials, particularly for catalysis and electrode design and function is stressed. Detailed attention is given to applications of 2D materials to the electrocatalysis reactions: oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction. Water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, and nitrogen reduction by photocatalysis are also examined. A perspective of expected advances in the expansion of applications and types of 2D materials, with a focus on heterostructure development, is presented in the conclusion. -
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REFERENCES
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Xu L., Iqbal R., Wang Y., et al., (2024). Emerging two-dimensional materials: Synthesis, physical properties, and application for catalysis in energy conversion and storage. The Innovation Materials 2(1): 100060. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100060
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Xu L., Iqbal R., Wang Y., et al., (2024). Emerging two-dimensional materials: Synthesis, physical properties, and application for catalysis in energy conversion and storage. The Innovation Materials 2(1): 100060. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100060
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Figure 1.
Breadth of 2D nanosheet materials. Each 2D material in Figure 1 was adapted with permission.59 Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.
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Figure 2.
Schematic diagram explaining bottom-up approach
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Figure 3.
Physical properties of 2D materials
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Figure 4.
Structure and ORR activity of PcCu-O8-M MOF
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Figure 5.
OER mechanism and activity of Aza-CMP-Co
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Figure 6.
Structure and HER activity of 2D PhenPtCl2
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Figure 7.
Structure and ECR activity of MOFs
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Figure 8.
NRR mechanisms and N2 adsorption and activation on BCN
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Figure 9.
2D materials for photocatalytic water splitting
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Figure 10.
2D materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction
