Advances of fluorescent DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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Advances of fluorescent DNA nanostructures (FDNs) in biomedical applications are reviewed.
Various DNA nanostructures are summarized.
Remaining challenges and key research directions for enlarging biological applications of FDNs are proposed.
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ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of DNA nanotechnology, the emergence of fluorescent DNA nanostructures (FDNs) has enlarged the biological applications. FDNs have great advantages of precise localization and real-time tracing in bioimaging. In this review, the recent biomedical developments of FDNs have been reviewed, including the design of FDNs, and the corresponding applications on biomarker sensing, bioimaging, cancer diagnosis and therapy. Firstly, the development of DNA nanostructures and the corresponding DNA-based nanomaterials were briefly introduced. Simultaneously, to make a better demonstration, the background and theory of the fluorescence detections were briefly introduced. Thereafter, the synthetic strategies of DNA nanostructure were summarized and classified, which facilitated the multiple functionalizations for sensing and bioimaging. Subsequently, the biomedical applications of FDNs are comprehensively summarized based on different detection strategies, including fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), nucleic acid amplification (NAT), aggregation-induced emission (AIE), near-infrared (NIR)-photoactivation, small fluorescent dyes loading, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technologies. Finally, an insight into the challenges and future perspectives is provided. As reviewed, FDNs are important tools in precision medicine, showing great potential in both in vivo and in vitro cancer diagnosis and treatments. Undoubtedly, FDN-based technology is a promising strategy for constructing versatile nanodevices in biological applications and will excel in human healthcare. -
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REFERENCES
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Shen X., Cao M., Xing X., et al., (2024). Advances of fluorescent DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications. The Innovation Materials 2(2): 100064. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100064
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Shen X., Cao M., Xing X., et al., (2024). Advances of fluorescent DNA nanostructures in biomedical applications. The Innovation Materials 2(2): 100064. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100064
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Figure 1.
Principle of fluorescence detection
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Figure 2.
The design and classification of DNA nanostructures
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Figure 3.
FRET-based DNA nanostructures for biomedical application
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Figure 4.
Nucleic acid amplification-based DNA nanostructures
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Figure 5.
AIE properties and AIE-based DNA nanostructures’ applications
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Figure 6.
The application of NIR-based DNA nanostructures
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Figure 7.
The application of UCNPs-based DNA nanostructures in cancer treatments
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Figure 8.
Small fluorescent dye-intercalated DNA complexes
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Figure 9.
The detection methods with SPR-based DNA nanostructures
