Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of enamel-like nanocomposites for dental repair application
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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The structure-mechanical property-function relationship of natural human tooth enamel was discussed.
The synthesis, microstructure and mechanical property of biomimetic tooth enamel nanocomposites were reviewed.
The biosafety and application of nano-enamel composite in dental prosthesis were discussed.
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ABSTRACT
Tooth enamel, as the hardest and the most resilient bioceramic material (~95.5 wt% apatite minerals) in human body, forms complex, highly ordered, hierarchical hetero-phase array structure over millions of years of evolution. This multiscale complex structure endows tooth enamel with excellent mechanical stability (especially the resistance to fracture, wear, and impact), high chop efficiency, and superb durability. However, in the complex oral environment, several factors such as oral bacteria, acidic foods, and mechanical collisions, can cause the dissolution of apatite crystals and even the damage of the enamel, resulting in a series of lesions such as dental caries that severely affects human health and life quality. Therefore, the urgent need for restoring to the normal function of natural teeth by repairing enamel has motivated researchers to develop advanced synthetic strategies for constructing artificial enamels. In this review, based on the understanding of the hierarchical heterogeneous structure-mechanical property-function relationship of natural human tooth enamel, we firstly introduced several synthetic strategies of biomimetic enamel nanocomposites such as cell-based tissue engineering, organic matrix-guided crystal growth, microgel-based microenvironment mineralization, amorphous precursor mineralization, and physicochemical methods, as well as presenting their microstructures and mechanical properties published in recent years. Finally, we discussed the biological safety of these artificial enamel nanocomposites and their dental repair applications. -
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Chen K., Huang J., Ding L., et al. (2025). Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of enamel-like nanocomposites for dental repair application. The Innovation Materials 3:100111. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100111
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Chen K., Huang J., Ding L., et al. (2025). Preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of enamel-like nanocomposites for dental repair application. The Innovation Materials 3:100111. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2024.100111
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Figure 1.
The hierarchical structure and composition of human tooth enamel
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Figure 2.
Mechanical properties and strengthening and toughening mechanisms of human tooth enamel
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Figure 3.
Tooth formation and regeneration process by tissue engineering
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Figure 4.
Schematic diagram and SEM images of regenerated enamel of biomimetic mineralization guided by protein matrix
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Figure 5.
Schematic and electron microscope images of enamel regeneration by a gel microenvironment mimicking a biomineralization process
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Figure 6.
Repair of enamel due to amorphous-crystalline phase transition
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Figure 7.
Schematic diagram and electron microscope images of enamel regeneration by physicochemical methods
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Figure 8.
The growth rates as well as relative recovery rates of modulus and hardness in various biomimetic enamel materials
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Figure 9.
Mechanical performances of the regenerated enamel-like nanocomposites
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Figure 10.
In vivo mineralization test and cytotoxicity test
