Ultrafast light-induced charge and thermal transport effects in layered MXene materials

Ioannis Georgoulis; Wenhao Zheng; Qi Zhang; Minghao Yu; Hai Wang

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2025.100168

The Innovation Materials > 2025 Vol. 3 > No. 4 > 100168

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Ultrafast light-induced charge and thermal transport effects in layered MXene materials

1.
Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TC, The Netherlands
2.
Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA
3.
Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
4.
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
5.
Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany

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Corresponding author: h.wang5@uu.nl
Received Date: April 22, 2025

Accepted Date: October 24, 2025

Published Online: November 21, 2025

The Innovation Materials 3(4), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2025.100168 | Cite this article

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. We present an overview of recent advances on ultrafast spectroscopy investigations of MXenes.
  
  We review the influence of surface terminations and flake morphology on conductivity and thermal dissipation.
  
  We highlight the observation of high electrical and low thermal conductivity in MXenes including Ti₃C₂.
  
  A highly coordinated effort will be essential to uncover the fundamental charge and thermal effects in MXenes.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The recent emergence of layered MXenes has provided a versatile platform for investigating ionic and electronic transport phenomena relevant to energy conversion and storage applications. While most current studies have focused on materials synthesis and integration into electrochemical systems, few have explored the fundamental aspects of charge, thermal transport, and optical properties. Aiming to inspire future investigations into the rich electrical and photophysical properties of MXenes, in this mini review we summarize recent advances in uncovering their complex electronic structure and its influence on charge dynamics and thermal transport, as revealed mostly by state-of-the-art ultrafast spectroscopic techniques. We highlight the essential role of surface terminations in dictating electronic and thermal properties, and the strong photothermal response exhibited by MXenes, a feature that has direct implications for their use in optoelectronic and (photo)thermoelectric devices. In particular, the unusual combination of high electrical mobility and intrinsically low thermal conductivity stands out as a distinctive characteristic of MXenes, offering exciting opportunities for thermoelectric energy harvesting and other applications that benefit from decoupled electrical and thermal transport. The review concludes by outlining promising future directions, including deeper investigation into structure–property relationships, improved control over surface chemistry, and the development of novel MXene-based systems tailored for ultrafast and light-responsive functionalities.

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Georgoulis I., Zheng W., Zhang Q., et al. (2025). Ultrafast light-induced charge and thermal transport effects in layered MXene materials. The Innovation Materials 3:100168. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2025.100168

Georgoulis I., Zheng W., Zhang Q., et al. (2025). Ultrafast light-induced charge and thermal transport effects in layered MXene materials. The Innovation Materials 3:100168. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2025.100168

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