Relative effectiveness and durability of booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Di Liu; Yiwen Jiang; Shiyu Wang; Fuxiao Li; Tengfei Lin; Bingli Li; Ziyi Zhao; Qingping Yun; Nana Peng; Jiaxin Cai; Lingling Zheng; Yuanxi Jia; Zuyao Yang; Feng Sha; Zhirong Yang; Jinling Tang

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100051

The Innovation Medicine > 2024 Vol. 2 > No. 1 > 100051

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Relative effectiveness and durability of booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

1.
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
2.
Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
3.
Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
4.
Department of Computer and Information Science, The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
5.
Division of Epidemiology, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
6.
Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
7.
These authors contributed equally

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Corresponding authors: zr.yang@siat.ac.cn or zy266@medschl.cam.ac.uk (Z.Y.); feng.sha@siat.ac.cn (F.S.)
Received Date: October 23, 2023

Accepted Date: February 25, 2024

Published Online: March 04, 2024

The Innovation Medicine 2(1), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100051 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. Both the 1^st and 2^nd booster vaccination could offer additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  
  The additional protection of the 1^st booster vaccination may vary by variants of concern and vaccine types.
  
  The protection of the 1^st booster waned fast but that of the 2^nd booster remained stable in a short period.
  
  The sources of heterogeneity for the additional protection of the 2^nd booster still remain uncertain.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Billions of people worldwide have received booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Continuous monitoring of the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) and durability of booster vaccination over previous vaccinations is important for developing vaccination strategies during the post-pandemic era. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies to determine the rVE of the 1^st booster over no booster and that of the 2^nd booster over the 1^st booster. Three trials and 91 observational studies were included in this systematic review. For the 1^st booster homologous vaccination, the rVE at a median of 9 weeks after booster vaccination was 66.9% (95% confidence interval: 59.8%, 72.7%), 75.9% (62.6%, 84.5%), 74.1% (66.9%, 79.8%), 86.1% (78.7%, 90.9%) and 84.2% (78.3%, 88.5%) against overall infection, symptomatic infection, hospital admission, severe infection and COVID-19-related death, respectively. The rVE against overall infection was affected by variants of concern and vaccine types and waned by average of 4.3% (3.3%, 5.4%; P-trend<0.01) per week. Heterologous regimens for the 1^st booster vaccination demonstrated effectiveness comparable to that of homologous regimens. The rVE of the 2^nd booster homologous vaccination at a median of 7 weeks after booster vaccination was 41.9% (31.2%, 51.0%), 53.1% (24.5%, 70.9%), 60.6% (55.3%, 65.3%), 56.4% (45.3%, 65.2%) and 68.2% (51.2%, 79.2%) against the five outcomes above, respectively, with no significant decrease in the rVE of 2^nd booster vaccination. In conclusion, both the 1^st and 2^nd booster homologous vaccinations provided additional protection against mild and severe infections. The rVE of the 1^st booster rapidly waned over time. The rVE of the 2^nd booster, including heterologous vaccination, its durability and the sources of heterogeneity, however, remains uncertain and more relevant studies are needed.

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Liu D., Jiang Y., Wang S., et al., (2024). Relative effectiveness and durability of booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Innovation Medicine 2(1): 100051. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100051

Liu D., Jiang Y., Wang S., et al., (2024). Relative effectiveness and durability of booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Innovation Medicine 2(1): 100051. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100051

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Relative effectiveness and durability of booster doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

PUBLIC SUMMARY

ABSTRACT