A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic

Pengfei Wu; Chiu-Wing Chan; Hongli Tan; Sin-Yung Siu; Xingchen Zhao; Guodong Cao; Zhu Yang; Kangning Ren; Zongwei Cai

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100097

The Innovation Medicine > 2024 Vol. 2 > No. 4 > 100097

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A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
2.
Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
3.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
4.
These authors contributed equally

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Corresponding authors: zwcai@hkbu.edu.hk (Z.C.); kangningren@hkbu.edu.hk (K.R.)
Received Date: April 30, 2024

Accepted Date: September 29, 2024

Published Online: October 25, 2024

The Innovation Medicine 2(4), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100097 | Cite this article

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. Developed a microplastic inhalation simulator system with a ventilation rate similar to that of an average person.
  
  Conduct a global study microplastic inhalation using 209 face masks with varying filtration grades and qualities.
  
  Investigate the kinetics of microplastic inhalation during mask usage in laboratory and laminar flow hood.
  
  Analyzed the potential global impact and risks associated with significant mask-wearing on microplastic inhalation.
  
  Wearing a high-standard face mask could decrease total microplastic inhalation as compared to the pre-pandemic era.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

A spike in public attention on whether wearing masks will increase microplastics (MPs) inhalation has recently been triggered by the major transformation in widespread masking in public ever since the pandemic. To timely address this question and provide reliable insights for public health recommendations, mask users, and producers, we developed a platform based on a custom inhalation simulator, and conducted comparative measurements to investigate masks as both a source of MP release and a barrier to MP inhalation. We examined 209 mask brands from 46 countries/regions, covering multiple filtration and quality levels. Our kinetic study revealed that MP leaching primarily occurs during the initial period of wearing a new mask. Subsequently, masks act as a barrier, reducing MP inhalation compared to not wearing a mask. Hence, frequently changing masks or using masks from unproper manufacture process may not be a wise choice. We also observed significant variations in MP inhalation character among different quality levels and brands, indicating the need of future safety standards to this end. Overall, the estimated worldwide inhalation of MPs during the pandemic office hours is 1.16 times that of the pre-pandemic era. However, the impact of MP inhalation could be changed by wearing masks with higher filtration grade (and better quality). For instance, if everyone were to wear FFP-3 masks, a 28.8% reduction in MP inhalation would be expected compared to not wearing a mask.

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Wu P., Chan C., Tan H., et al., (2024). A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic. The Innovation Medicine 2(4): 100097. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100097

Wu P., Chan C., Tan H., et al., (2024). A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic. The Innovation Medicine 2(4): 100097. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100097

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A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic

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A threat or not? A global-scale investigation on microplastics inhalation during the first-ever worldwide face-mask wearing against the COVID-19 pandemic

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