Hypertension and semen quality among 1381 young men: A cohort study with repeated measurements
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Li G., Xu S., Pan S., et al., (2024). Hypertension and semen quality among 1381 young men: A cohort study with repeated measurements. The Innovation Medicine 2(4): 100099. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100099
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Li G., Xu S., Pan S., et al., (2024). Hypertension and semen quality among 1381 young men: A cohort study with repeated measurements. The Innovation Medicine 2(4): 100099. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2024.100099
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Figure 1.
(A) Demographic characteristics, distribution of blood pressure, and repeated semen quality parameters of study participants (N=
1381 ). (B) Percentage changes (%) in semen quality parameters in relation to hypertension among study participants based on linear mixed models. Sperm quality parameters were ln-transformed. Models were adjusted for age, BMI, education levels, marital status, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sampling seasons, abstinence time, sleep quality, and moderate-to-vigorous activity. (C) Dose-response relationships between blood pressure (per 10 mm Hg) and semen quality parameters based on generalized additive mixed models, with the adjustment for the same set of covariates in Figure 1B. Sperm quality parameters were ln-transformed. (D) Stratification and interaction analyses for percentage changes (95% CI) in repeated semen quality parameters in relation to hypertension, with the adjustment for the same set of covariates in Figure 1B. aIn total, 2022 semen samples were analyzed for morphology. bPhysical activity refers to moderate-to-vigorous activity. cn and N represent the number of men with stage 1-2 hypertension and no hypertension, respectively, in each stratum. dP for interaction. * P < 0.15; ** P < 0.05. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation.
