Diagnosis and treatment of venous reflux disorders of head and neck
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REFERENCES
[1] Cerebral Venous Disease Branch of the Chinese Stroke Association. (2023). Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of venous reflux disorders of head and neck. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 103:1257-1279. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20230112-00069 [2] Beier D, Korsbæk JJ, Bsteh G, et al. (2024). Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signs of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2420138. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20138 [3] Bsteh G, Pemp B, Marik W, et al. (2025). Diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Consensus recommendations of the Austrian IIH network (AN4IH). Cephalalgia 45:3331024251391374. DOI: 10.1177/03331024251391374 [4] Khunte M, Chen H, Colasurdo M, et al. (2023). National Trends of Cerebral Venous Sinus Stenting for the Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Neurology 101:402-406. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207245 [5] Primiani CT, Lawton M, Hillis AE, Hui FK. (2022). Pearls & Oy-sters: Cerebral Venous Congestion Associated With Cognitive Decline Treated by Jugular Release. Neurology 99:577-580. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000201037 -
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Liu L., Li H., Li C., et al. (2026). Diagnosis and treatment of venous reflux disorders of head and neck. The Innovation Neurology 1:100007. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.tine.2026.100007
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Liu L., Li H., Li C., et al. (2026). Diagnosis and treatment of venous reflux disorders of head and neck. The Innovation Neurology 1:100007. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.tine.2026.100007
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Figure 1.
Diagnosis and Management of CVSS and IJVS
