Advances in Efficient and Low-Carbon Ventilation and Dust Removal in Tunnel Construction

Zhuwei Xie; Xiangsheng Chen; Yimin Xiao; Alireza Afshari; Jinhan Mo

doi:10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100070

Energy Use > 2026 Vol. 2 > No. 3 > 100070

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Advances in Efficient and Low-Carbon Ventilation and Dust Removal in Tunnel Construction

1.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Resilient Infrastructures (Ministry of Education), College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
3.
Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Copenhagen DK-2450, Denmark
4.
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
5.
Key Laboratory of Coastal Urban Soil-Water Environmental Evolution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (under construction), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Fund Project: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52325801 and 52408106).

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Corresponding author: mojinhan@szu.edu.cn
Received Date: September 06, 2026

Accepted Date: September 20, 2026

Published Online: September 24, 2026

Energy Use 2(3), https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100070 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. High-altitude, ultra-long and complex tunnels bring tough challenges for respirable dust control, with fine particles less than 10 μm easy to suspend and form local dust accumulation zones.
  
  This review compares tunnel dust removal methods: water spraying (~85%) and chemical dust suppressants (~94%); demand-controlled air supply cuts ventilation energy use by up to 64.6%.
  
  Research priorities include dust dispersion under coupled conditions, synergistic ventilation-dust control optimisation, and digital-twin intelligent air supply for low-carbon tunnel construction.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The increasing construction of high-altitude, ultra-long, and geometrically complex tunnels poses major challenges for controlling respirable dust while maintaining occupational safety, ventilation efficiency, and low energy consumption. Here, we systematically review recent advances in ventilation and high-efficiency dust-removal technologies for tunnel construction from three interconnected perspectives: ventilation and dust-removal performance, efficient dust-removal technologies, and intelligent low-carbon air-supply technologies. We identify key geometric and environmental constraints, including large-curvature spiral sections and V-shaped inclines, that alter airflow organisation and can create localised dust-accumulation zones. Fine particles (<10 μm) are particularly difficult to remove because they can remain suspended and be transported over long distances. Effective dust control generally requires the press-in ventilation duct outlet and exhaust inlet to be positioned within 10 to 70 m and approximately 5 m of the excavation face, respectively. Conventional dust-removal approaches, such as water spraying and wet grids, show reported removal efficiencies of approximately 85%, whereas chemical dust suppressants can achieve higher removal efficiencies, with median performance approaching 94% under the reviewed conditions. In addition, energy-efficient technologies, including air-cabin systems and demand-controlled air-supply strategies, can reduce ventilation energy consumption by approximately 20.7% and up to 64.6%, respectively. Finally, we identify key research priorities, including elucidating dust dispersion under coupled and complex operating conditions, optimising the synergistic performance of high-efficiency dust-control technologies and ventilation systems, and developing intelligent air-supply systems based on digital twins. These advances are expected to support safer, more energy-efficient, and low-carbon tunnel construction.

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Xie Z., Chen X., Xiao Y., et al. (2026). Advances in Efficient and Low-Carbon Ventilation and Dust Removal in Tunnel Construction. Energy Use 2:100070. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100070

Xie Z., Chen X., Xiao Y., et al. (2026). Advances in Efficient and Low-Carbon Ventilation and Dust Removal in Tunnel Construction. Energy Use 2:100070. https://doi.org/10.59717/ipj.energy-use.2026.100070

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