Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes

Aowei Hao; Haijiang Zhang; Lijun Liu; Li-Qun Dai; Shoucheng Han; Wei Fang; Bo Wan

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100144

The Innovation Geoscience > 2025 Vol. 3 > No. 3 > 100144

Next Article Previous Article

REPORT Open Access

Cite PDF

Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes

1.
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
2.
Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, University of Science and Technology of China, Mengcheng 233500, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Precision Geodesy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
4.
Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

More Information

Corresponding authors: zhang11@ustc.edu.cn (H.Z.); lqdai@ustc.edu.cn (L.D.)
Received Date: November 04, 2024

Accepted Date: May 18, 2025

Published Online: June 01, 2025

The Innovation Geoscience 3(3), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100144 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

DownLoad: Full size image

PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. High-velocity bodies in the asthenosphere of eastern North China Craton (NCC) were revealed.
  
  The imaged high-velocity bodies are likely delaminated lithospheric blocks occurring in the Cenozoic.
  
  The lithosphere beneath the NCC continued to undergo destruction in the post-Mesozoic period.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

The North China Craton (NCC), once stable during the Precambrian, lost its stable craton characteristics in the Mesozoic. However, its post-Mesozoic evolution remains poorly constrained. Here, we have determined a high-resolution velocity model of the NCC lithosphere by joint inversion of body wave arrival times, surface wave dispersion data and receiver functions. Our velocity model reveals pronounced lithospheric thinning in the eastern NCC (~60–70 km), contrasting with the ~120 km-thick lithosphere beneath the western NCC (primarily the Ordos Basin). Beneath the North-South Gravity Lineament (NSGL), there is a tunnel-shaped low velocity zone apexing near the Moho, suggesting complete destruction and metasomatic replacement of the original lithospheric mantle in this region. Several high-velocity bodies imaged at below ~80-90 km depth in the eastern NCC are interpreted as delaminated lithospheric fragments. Combining their depths with geochemical constraints, we propose these delamination events most likely occurred during the Cenozoic. The delaminated bodies are spatially consistent with the elevated heat flow patterns, consistent with delamination-driven upwelling of hot asthenospheric material. Furthermore, our model indicates ongoing destabilization along the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin lithosphere, likely induced by sustained westward mantle flow. Geochemical evidence from Cenozoic magmatic rocks, marked by both positive and negative εNd(t), implies that Cenozoic lithospheric modification in the eastern NCC was jointly controlled by asthenospheric convection (linked to Pacific Plate subduction) and episodic lithospheric delamination. These findings demonstrate that the NCC’s lithosphere has experienced prolonged, multi-stage destruction extending into the Cenozoic.

FullText(HTML)

REFERENCES

[1]	Menzies M., Xu Y., Zhang H., et al. (2007). Integration of geology, geophysics and geochemistry: A key to understanding the North China Craton. Lithos 96:1−21. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.09.008 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[2]	Zhu R., Chen L., Wu F., et al. (2011). Timing, scale and mechanism of the destruction of the North China Craton. Sci. China Earth Sci. 54:789−797. DOI:10.1007/s11430-011-4203-4 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[3]	Zhu R., Xu Y., Zhu G., et al. (2012). Destruction of the North China Craton. Sci. China Earth Sci. 55:1565−1587. DOI:10.1007/s11430-012-4516-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[4]	Wu F., Yang J., Xu Y., et al. (2019). Destruction of the North China Craton in the Mesozoic. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 47:173−195. DOI:10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060342 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[5]	Gao S., Rudnick R. L., Carlson R. W., et al. (2002). Re–Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 198:307−322. DOI:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00489-2 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[6]	Feng Y., Yang J., Sun J., et al. (2020). Material records for Mesozoic destruction of the North China Craton by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab. Sci. China Earth Sci. 63:690−700. DOI:10.1007/s11430-019-9564-4 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[7]	Fan W., Zhang H., Baker J., et al. (2000). On and Off the North China Craton: Where is the Archaean Keel. J. Petrol. 41:933−950. DOI:10.1093/petrology/41.7.933 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[8]	Yang J., Wu F. and Wilde S. (2003). A review of the geodynamic setting of large-scale Late Mesozoic gold mineralization in the North China Craton: An association with lithospheric thinning. Ore Geol. Rev. 23:125−152. DOI:10.1016/s0169-1368(03)00033-7 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[9]	Kimura J., Sakuyama T., Miyazaki T., et al. (2018). Plume-stagnant slab-lithosphere interactions: Origin of the late Cenozoic intra-plate basalts on the East Eurasia margin. Lithos. 300:227−249. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2017.12.003 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[10]	Rudnick R., Gao S., Ling W., et al. (2004). Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton. Lithos 77:609−637. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.03.033 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[11]	Liégeois J., Abdelsalam M., Ennih N., et al. (2013). Metacraton nature genesis and behavior. Gondwana. Res. 23:220−237. DOI:10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.016 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[12]	Liu L., Liu L. and Xu Y. (2021). Mesozoic intraplate tectonism of East Asia due to flat subduction of a composite terrane slab. Earth Sci. Rev. 214:103505. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103505 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[13]	Zhu R. and Xu Y. (2019). The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton. Sci. China Earth Sci. 49:1346−1356. DOI:10.1007/s11430-018-9356-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[14]	Kusky T., Windley B., Wang L., et al. (2014). Flat slab subduction, trench suction, and craton destruction: Comparison of the North China, Wyoming, and Brazilian cratons. Tectonophysics 630:208−221. DOI:10.1016/j.teco.2014.05.028 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[15]	Gao S., Rudnick R., Yuan H., et al. (2004). Recycling lower continental crust in the North China Craton. Nature 432:892−897. DOI:10.1038/nature03143 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[16]	Wu F., Lin J., Wilde S. A., et al. (2005). Nature and significance of the Early Cretaceous giant igneous event in eastern China. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 233:103−119. DOI:10.1016/j.jpgl.2005.02.019 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[17]	Deng J., Su S., Liu C., et al. (2006). Discussion on the lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton: Delamination or thermal erosion and chemical metasomatism?. Earth Sci. Front. 13:105−119. View in Article Google Scholar
[18]	Gao S., Zhang J., Xu W., et al. (2009). Delamination and destruction of the North China Craton. Chin. Sci. Bull. 54:3367−3378. DOI:10.1007/s11434-009-0395-9 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[19]	Liu J., Ni J., Carddock J., et al. (2020). Parallel Extension Tectonics: Mechanism of Early Cretaceous thinning and destruction of the lithosphere of the North China Craton. Acta Petrol. Sin. 36:2331−2343. DOI:10. 18654/1000-0569/2020.08.04. DOI:10.18654/1000-0569/2020.08.04 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[20]	Xu Y. (2001). Thermo-tectonic destruction of the archaean lithospheric keel beneath the sino-korean craton in china: evidence, timing and mechanism. Phys. Chem. Earth 26:745−757. DOI:10.1016/S1464-1895(01)00124-7. View in Article Google Scholar
[21]	Zheng J. (2009). Comparison of mantle-derived matierals from different spatiotemporal settings: Implications for destructive and accretional processes of the North China Craton. Chin. Sci. Bull. 54:3397−3416. DOI:10.1007/s11434-009-0308-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[22]	Zhang H., Sun M., Zhou X., et al. (2002). Mesozoic lithosphere destruction beneath the North China Craton: Evidence from major-, trace-element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope studies of Fangcheng basalts. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 144:241−254. DOI:10.1007/s00410-002-0395-0 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[23]	Foley S. (2008). Rejuvenation and erosion of the cratonic lithosphere. Nat. Geosci. 1:503−510. DOI:10.1038/ngeo261 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[24]	Feng J., Yao H., Chen L., et al. (2022). Ongoing lithospheric alteration of the North China Craton revealed by surface‐wave tomography and geodetic observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49:e2022GL099403. DOI:10.1029/2022gl099403 View in Article Google Scholar
[25]	Duan Y., Wang F., Zhang X., et al. (2016). Three dimensional crustal velocity structure model of the middle-eastern North China Craton (HBCrust1.0). Sci. China Earth Sci. 59:1477-1488. DOI:10.1007/s11430-016-5301-0. View in Article Google Scholar
[26]	Tian X., Zelt C. A., Wang F., et al. (2014). Crust structure of the North China Craton from a long-range seismic wide-angle-reflection/refraction data. Tectonics 634:237−245. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.008 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[27]	Lei J. (2012). Upper-mantle tomography and dynamics beneath the North China Craton. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 117:B06313. DOI:10.1029/2012jb009212 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[28]	Santosh M., Zhao D. and Kusky T. (2010). Mantle dynamics of the Paleoproterozoic North China Craton: A perspective based on seismic tomography. J. Geodyn. 49:39−53. DOI:10.1016/j.jog.2009.09.043 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[29]	Huang Z., Li H., Zheng Y., et al. (2009). The lithosphere of North China Craton from surface wave tomography. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 288:164−173. DOI:10.1016/j.jpgl.2009.09.019 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[30]	Ai S., Zheng Y., He L., et al. (2019). Joint inversion of ambient noise and earthquake data in the Trans-North China Orogen: On-going lithospheric modification and its impact on the Cenozoic continental rifting. Tectonics 763:73−85. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2019.05.003 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[31]	Chen L., Cheng C. and Wei Z. (2009). Seismic evidence for significant lateral variations in lithospheric thickness beneath the central and western North China Craton. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 286:171−183. DOI:10.1016/j.jpgl.2009.06.022 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[32]	Chen L. (2010). Concordant structural variations from the surface to the base of the upper mantle in the North China Craton and its tectonic implications. Lithos 120:96−115. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.12.007 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[33]	Zhang Y., Chen L., Ai Y., et al. (2019). Lithospheric structure beneath the central and western North China Craton and adjacent regions from S-receiver function imaging. Geophys. J. Int. 219:619−632. DOI:10.1093/gji/ggz322 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[34]	Huang X., Ding Z., Ning J., et al. (2022). Joint inversion of the lithospheric structure of the central North China Craton from ambient noise and seismic surface wave. Acta Seismol. Sinica 44:539−554. DOI:10.11939/jass.20210042 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[35]	Jiang G., Hu S., Shi Y., et al. (2019). Terrestrial heat flow of continental China: Updated dataset and tectonic implications. Tectonics 753:36−48. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2019.01.006 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[36]	Wang X., Fang J., Xu H., et al. (2012). Density structure of the lithosphere beneath North China Carton. Chinese J. Geophys. 55:1154−1160. DOI:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.011 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[37]	Han S., Zhang H., Gao L., et al. (2022). Joint inversion of body wave arrival times, surface wave dispersion data and receiver functions: Method and Application to south China. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 427:e2022JB024083. DOI:10.1029/2022JB024083 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[38]	Shen W., Ritzwoller M., Kang D., et al. (2016). A seismic reference model for the crust and uppermost mantle beneath China from surface wave dispersion. Geophys. J. Int. 206:954−979. DOI:10.1093/gji/ggw175 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[39]	Ligorrfa J. and Ammon C. (1999). Iterative deconvolution and receiver-function estimation. B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 89:1395−1400. DOI:10.1785/BSSA0890051395 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[40]	Chai C., Ammon C. J., Maceira M., et al. (2015). Inverting interpolated receiver functions with surface wave dispersion and gravity: Application to the western U. S. and adjacent Canada and Mexico. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42:4359−4366. DOI:10.1002/2015gl063733 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[41]	Zhang H. and Thurber C. (2006). Development and applications of double-difference seismic tomography. Pure Appl. Geophys. 163:373−403. DOI:10.1007/s00024-005-0021-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[42]	Zhang H. and Thurber C. (2003). Double-Difference Tomography: The method and its Application to the Hayward Fault, California. B. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93:1875−1889. DOI:10.1785/0120020190 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[43]	Han S., Zhang H., Xin H., et al. (2021). USTClitho2.0: Updated Unified Seismic Tomography Models for Continental China Lithosphere from Joint Inversion of Body-Wave Arrival Times and Surface-Wave Dispersion Data. Seismol. Res. Lett. 93:201-215. DOI:10.1785/0220210122. View in Article Google Scholar
[44]	Zhang H., Maceira M., Roux P., et al. (2014). Joint Inversion of Body-Wave Arrival Times and Surface-Wave Dispersion for Three-Dimensional Seismic Structure Around SAFOD. Pure Appl. Geophys. 171:3013−3022. DOI:10.1007/s00024-014-0806-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[45]	Fang H., Zhang H., Yao H., et al. (2016). A new algorithm for three‐dimensional joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data and its application to the Southern California plate boundary region. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 121:3557−3569. DOI:10.1002/2015jb012702 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[46]	Julia J., Ammon C., Herrmann R., et al. (2000). Joint inversion of receiver function and surface wave dispersion observations. Geophys. J. Int. 143:99−112. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00217.x View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[47]	Menzies M., Fan W. and Zhang M. (1993). Palaeozoic and Cenozoic lithoprobes and the loss of> 120 km of Archaean lithosphere, Sino-Korean craton, China. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 76:71−81. DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.076.01.0 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[48]	Bhattacharya B., Rao N. and Maurya V. (2014). Thin lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath Eastern Indian craton. Tectonophysics 612:128−133. DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2013.11.036 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[49]	He R., Shang X., Yu C., et al. (2014). Detailed Moho Depth Mapping of Continental China by Receiver Function Analysis. Geophys. J. Int. 199:1910−1918. DOI:10.1093/gji/ggu365 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[50]	Xia B., Thybo H. and Artemieva I. (2020). Lithosphere mantle density of the North China Craton. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 125:e2020JB020296. DOI:10.1029/2020jb020296 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[51]	Zhang H., Lu Q., Wang X., et al. (2023). Seismically imaged lithospheric delamination and its controls on the Mesozoic Magmatic Province in South China. Nat. Commun. 14:2718. DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-37855-5 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[52]	Wang Y., Liu L. and Zhou. Q. (2022). Topography and gravity reveal denser cratonic lithospheric mantle than previously thought. Geophys. Res. Lett. 49:e2021GL096844. DOI:10.1029/2021GL096844 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[53]	Peng L., Liu L. and Liu L. (2022). The fate of delaminated cratonic lithosphere. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 594:117740. DOI:10.1016/j.jpgl.2022.117740 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[54]	Yang J. and Faccenda M. (2020). Intraplate volcanism originating from upwelling hydrous mantle transition zone. Nature 579:88−91. DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2045-y View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[55]	Xu P. and Zhao D. (2009). Upper-mantle velocity structure beneath the North China Craton: implications for lithospheric thinning. Geophys. J. Int. 177:1279−1283. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04120.x View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[56]	Zhang W., Zhang H., Fan W., et al. (2012). The genesis of Cenozoic basalts from the Jining area, northern China: Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope evidence. J. Asian Earth Sci. 61:128−142. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.09.010 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[57]	Zeng G., Chen L. H., Hu S., et al. (2013). Genesis of Cenozoic low‐Ca alkaline basalts in the Nanjing basaltic field, eastern China: The case for mantle xenolith‐magma interaction. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 14:1660−1677. DOI:10.1002/ggge.20127 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[58]	Sakuyama T., Tian W., Kimura J., et al. (2013). Melting of dehydrated oceanic crust from the stagnant slab and of the hydrated mantle transition zone: Constraints from Cenozoic alkaline basalts in eastern China. Chem. Geol. 359:32−48. DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.09.012 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[59]	Li H., Huang X. and Guo H. (2014). Geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from the Bohai Bay Basin: Implications for a heterogeneous mantle source and lithospheric evolution beneath the eastern North China Craton. Lithos 196-197:54−66. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.02.026 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[60]	Huang X., Niu Y., Xu Y., et al. (2012). Geochronology and geochemistry of Cenozoic basalts from eastern Guangdong, SE China: constraints on the lithosphere evolution beneath the northern margin of the South China Sea. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 165:437−455. DOI:10.1007/s00410-012-0816-7 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[61]	Fan Q., Chen S., Zhao Y., et al. (2014). Petrogenesis and evolution of Quaternary basaltic rocks from the Wulanhada area, North China. Lithos. 206-207:289−302. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.08.007 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[62]	Choi S., Mukasa S., Kwon S., et al. (2006). Sr, Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic compositions of late Cenozoic alkali basalts in South Korea: Evidence for mixing between the two dominant asthenospheric mantle domains beneath East Asia. Chem. Geol. 232:134−151. DOI:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.02.014 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[63]	Choi S. and Mukasa S. (2012). Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotope systematics of Korean spinel peridotites: A case for metasomatically induced Nd–Hf decoupling. Lithos 154:263−276. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2012.07.017 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[64]	Choi H., Choi S. and Yu Y. (2014). Isotope geochemistry of Jeongok basalts, northernmost South Korea: Implications for the enriched mantle end-member component. J. Asian Earth Sci. 91:56−68. DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.05.010 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[65]	Liu J., Cai R., Pearson D., et al. (2019). Thinning and destruction of the lithospheric mantle root beneath the North China Craton: A review. Earth Sci. Rev. 196:102873. DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.05.017 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[66]	Zhang H. (2009). Peridotite-melt interaction: a key point for the destruction of cratonic lithospheric mantle. Chin. Sci. Bull. 54:3417−3437. DOI:10.1007/s11434-009-0307-z View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[67]	Xu Y., Li H., Hong L., et al. (2018). Generation of Cenozoic intraplate basalts in the big mantle wedge under eastern Asia. Sci. China Earth Sci. 61:869-886. DOI:10.1007/s11430-017-9192-y. View in Article Google Scholar
[68]	Morgan P. (1984). The thermal structure and thermal evolution of the continental lithosphere. Phys. Chem. Earth. 15:107−193. DOI:10.1016/0079-1946(84)90006-5 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[69]	Nyblade A. and Pollack H. (1993). A global analysis of heat flow from Precambrian terrains: Implications for the thermal structure of Archean and Proterozoic lithosphere. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 98:12207−12218. DOI:10.1029/93jb00521 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[70]	Hu S., He L. and Wang J. (2001). Compilation of heat flow data in the China contineatal area (3td edition). Chinese J. Geophys. 44:611−626. DOI:10.1002/cjg2.180 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[71]	Jiang G., Gao P., Rao S., et al. (2016). Compilation of heat flow data in the continental area of China (4th edition). Chinese J. Geophys. 59:2892−2910. DOI:10.6038/cjg20160815 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[72]	Xu Y. (2007). Diachronous lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton and formation of the Daxin'anling–Taihangshan gravity lineament. Lithos 96:281−298. DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2006.09.013 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[73]	Ma Q., Guo J., Xu Y., et al. (2022). Mesozoic volcanism in the North China Craton: Constraints for the deep processes and shallow responses of the cratonic destruction. Bull. Mineral. Petrol. Geochem. 41:1−12. DOI:10.19658/j.issn.1007-2802.2022.41.044 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[74]	Griffin B., Andi Z., O'Reilly S., et al. (1998). Phanerozoic evolution of the lithosphere beneath the Sino-Korean Craton. conference on mantle dynamics and plate interactions in East Asia. Amer. Geophysical Union., pp:15-45. DOI:10.1029/GD027p0107. View in Article Google Scholar
[75]	Davis G., Yadong Z., Cong W., et al. (2001). Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Yanshan fold and thrust belt, with emphasis on Hebei and Liaoning provinces, northern China. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., pp:171-198. DOI:10.1130/0-8137-1194-0.171 View in Article Google Scholar
[76]	Buntin S., Artemieva I. M., Malehmir A., et al. (2021). Long-lived Paleoproterozoic eclogitic lower crust. Nat. Commun. 12:6553. DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-26878-5 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[77]	Meissner R. and Mooney W. (1998). Weakness of the lower continental crust: a condition for delamination, uplift, and escape. Tectonics 296:47−60. DOI:10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00136-X View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[78]	Chen H., Tang M. and Song S. (2023). Catastrophic craton destruction via wholesale lithosphere delamination. Geology 51:460−464. DOI:10.1130/g50803.1 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[79]	Ren J., Tamaki K., Li S., et al. (2002). Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic rifting and its dynamic setting in Eastern China and adjacent areas. Tectonophysics 344:175−205. DOI:10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00271-2 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[80]	Peng D., Liu L., Hu J., et al. (2021). Formation of East Asian stagnant slabs due to a pressure‐driven cenozoic mantle wind following mesozoic subduction. Geophys. Res. Lett. 48:e2021GL094638. DOI:10.1029/2021gl094638 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[81]	Peng D., Liu L. and Wang Y. (2021). A newly discovered late‐Cretaceous East Asian flat slab explains its unique lithospheric structure and tectonics. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 126:e2021JB022103. DOI:10.1029/2021jb022103 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar
[82]	Müller R., Zahirovic S., Williams S., et al. (2019). A global plate model including lithospheric deformation along major rifts and orogens since the triassic. Tectonics 38:1884−1907. DOI:10.1029/2018tc005462 View in Article CrossRef Google Scholar

Cited by

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Cite this article:

Hao A., Zhang H., Liu L., et al. (2025). Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes. The Innovation Geoscience 3:100144. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100144

Hao A., Zhang H., Liu L., et al. (2025). Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes. The Innovation Geoscience 3:100144. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2025.100144

Welcome!

To request copyright permission to republish or share portions of our works, please visit Copyright Clearance Center's (CCC) Marketplace website at marketplace.copyright.com.

Standard PDF

Extended PDF

Figures(6)

Article Metrics

Article views(5670) PDF downloads(3557)

Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

PUBLIC SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Cite this article:

Welcome!

Share

Article Metrics

Relative Articles

Cited by

Catalog

{{newsColumn.name}}

Official Account

{{newsColumn.name}}

Stay connected

{{newsColumn.name}}

Cenozoic destruction of eastern North China Craton evidenced by seismically imaged lithosphere delamination and Nd isotopes

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

PUBLIC SUMMARY

ABSTRACT

REFERENCES

ABOUT THIS ARTICLE

Cite this article:

Welcome!

Share

Article Metrics

Relative Articles

Cited by

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content

{{newsColumn.name}}

Official Account

{{newsColumn.name}}

Stay connected

{{newsColumn.name}}