The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health

Shunbo Li; Chaoshan Zhao; Wenjie Ren; Zheng Zhang; Wei Wang; Qin Zhang; Mingyu Ma; Gexiao Zhao; Feiyu Chen; Huan Liu; Wen-Yu Peng; Zehao Wang; Wei Jiang; Leli Wang; Weipeng Zhang; Ying Zhang; Jianrong Ma; Wenjuan Yu; Zhikang Wang; Yi-Zhou Gao; Jiali Chen; Xiaobing Zhang; Dongfang Zhou; Jia Lv; Shi Wang; Eudald Casals Mercadal; Huadong Peng; Weijia Zhao; Muling Zeng

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100208

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The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health

1.
College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135, China
3.
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
4.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
5.
Shenzhou Space Biotechnology Group, Beijing 100086, China
6.
Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
7.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
8.
Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
9.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
10.
School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
11.
School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
12.
UQ Biosustainability Hub, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
13.
ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
14.
Food and Beverage Accelerator (FaBA), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
15.
Institute of Subtropical Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
16.
State Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
17.
Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
18.
College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
19.
State Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
20.
Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
21.
School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
22.
State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
23.
Fang Zongxi Center for Marine Evo-Devo & MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
24.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
25.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
26.
Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
27.
Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona 08035, Spain
28.
Premium Research SL, Guadalajara 19003, Spain
29.
Barcelona Institute of Materials Science, ICMAB (CSIC), UAB campus, Bellaterra 08193, Spain

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Corresponding authors: shunbo.li@cqu.edu.cn (S.L.); wjren@issas.ac.cn (W.R.); zhangqin_k@126.com (Q.Z.); zhangweipeng@ouc.edu.cn (W.Z.); yingzhang@ynu.edu.cn (Y.Z.); majianrong@cigit.ac.cn (J.M.); wjyu@zafu.edu.cn (W.Y.); zhikangwang@zafu.edu.cn (Z.W.); gaoyizhou@yeah.net (Y.G.); kellychan123@126.com (J.C.); xhpg85@aliyun.com (X.Z.); dfzhou@smu.edu.cn (D.Z.); lvjia@ouc.edu.cn (J.L.); swang@ouc.edu.cn (S.W.); huadong.peng@uq.edu.au (H.P.); 109109070@qq.com (W.Z.); mzeng@icmab.es (M.Z.)
Received Date: September 03, 2025

Accepted Date: February 23, 2026

Published Online: March 04, 2026

The Innovation Life https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100208 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. The role of microbiome in the natural environment was discussed.
  
  The importance of microbiome diversity in human bodies was emphasized.
  
  The microbiome manufacturing and the global challenges were also presented.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Microbiome, representing the collection of commensal microorganisms and the active substances, exert profound influences on environmental biogeochemical cycles and the maintenance of human physiological homeostasis. Their metabolic activities are indispensable for nutrient recycling, climate regulation, and ecosystem resilience. Concurrently, complex microbial communities colonizing human niches are fundamental to digestion, immune responses, and protection against pathogens. Crucially, the functional outcomes of these interactions are largely dictated by microbial diversity and community equilibrium. This review comprehensively summarizes the current understanding of the pivotal roles played by both beneficial and detrimental microbiomes across diverse environmental matrices and human systems. The state-of-the-art technologies enabling comprehensive microbiome analysis are discussed, including high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, which are revolutionizing microbiome detection and functional characterization. Furthermore, the escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance intrinsically linked to microbial ecology and human practices is examined as a critical cross-domain challenge. Finally, the review explores the transformative potential of advanced microbiome bioengineering strategies for targeted environmental remediation, sustainable biotechnology, and biomanufacturing. This comprehensive analysis underscores the intricate interdependence between microbial communities, environmental integrity, and human health, emphasizing the paramount importance of preserving and harnessing microbiome diversity.
- Environmental microbiome /
- Human microbiome /
- Antimicrobial resistance /
- Microbiome analysis /
- Microbial engineering /
- One health

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Li S., Zhao C., Ren W., et al. (2026). The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health. The Innovation Life 4:100208. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100208

Li S., Zhao C., Ren W., et al. (2026). The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health. The Innovation Life 4:100208. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100208

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The interplay of environmental and human microbiomes: A review of diversity, functions, and implications for one health

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