Flexible ultrasound patches for cardiovascular function and disease monitoring

Yu Zhou; Xiaoli Xu; Zihan Zhang; Heting Wu; Xiaodie Yin; Xinyi Chen; Chao Wang; Yong Kang; Xianhui Zhou; Min Ge

doi:10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2026.100231

The Innovation Materials > 2026 Vol. 4 > No. 3 > 100231

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Flexible ultrasound patches for cardiovascular function and disease monitoring

1.
Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
2.
College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830017, China
3.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines Active Components and Drug Release Technology, Urumqi 830011, China
4.
Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
5.
Department of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
6.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Remodeling, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
7.
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
8.
These authors contributed equally to this work

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Corresponding authors: wuheting@xjmu.edu.cn (H.W.); kangyong@tju.edu.cn (Y.K.); zhouxhuiyf@163.com (X.Z.); minge2@cityu.edu.hk (M.G.)
Received Date: April 27, 2026

Accepted Date: July 20, 2026

Published Online: July 21, 2026

The Innovation Materials 4(3), https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2026.100231 | Cite this article

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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PUBLIC SUMMARY

PUBLIC SUMMARY
1. Cardiovascular diseases show subtle early lesions, fueling demand for real-time noninvasive circulatory monitors.
  
  Flexible ultrasound patches achieve long-term noninvasive detection of key cardiovascular physiological indicators.
  
  This review outlines the structure, mechanism and latest monitoring applications of flexible ultrasound patches.
  
  Analyzes key performance conflicts, suggests optimizations, and summarizes clinical industrialization hurdles.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, often present with subtle early-stage lesions, making it imperative to obtain continuous, quantifiable circulatory physiological information in real-life settings. Flexible ultrasound patches integrate piezoelectric transducer arrays, flexible packaging, and acoustic coupling materials into an ultra-thin platform that adheres to the skin. They enable long-term, noninvasive monitoring of key indicators, such as cardiac structure, hemodynamics, and vascular elasticity. This article systematically reviews the structural composition and working principles of flexible ultrasound patches, as well as their functional capabilities, including blood flow detection and tissue imaging. It further summarizes recent research progress and representative achievements in applications such as the assessment of cardiac structural and functional parameters, continuous monitoring during rest and exercise stress, and use in heart failure, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, and postoperative follow-up. Offering a fresh perspective, we identify a central bottleneck: the inherent trade-off between skin conformability and acoustic performance. Based on this, we propose design principles centered on adaptive compliance, modular system architecture, and on-patch intelligent processing. We then prioritize three future directions: low-cost manufacturing, standardized clinical validation, and integration with telemedicine platforms, to guide the field. Finally, we discuss the core challenges facing their clinical translation, including limited spatial resolution, motion artifacts, long-term wear stability, algorithm development and standardization, and validation against gold-standard measurements. Future directions-including innovations in materials and manufacturing processes, intelligent algorithms and multimodal data fusion, and large-scale clinical validation-are also highlighted to promote industrialization and clinical implementation.
- Flexible Ultrasound Patch /
- Ultrasound Technique /
- Cardiac function /
- Heart Disease Monitoring

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Zhou Y., Xu X., Zhang Z., et al. (2026). Flexible ultrasound patches for cardiovascular function and disease monitoring. The Innovation Materials 4:100231. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2026.100231

Zhou Y., Xu X., Zhang Z., et al. (2026). Flexible ultrasound patches for cardiovascular function and disease monitoring. The Innovation Materials 4:100231. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-mater.2026.100231

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