Advances in nanomaterial-enhanced ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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Ablation therapy is important for HCC.
Nanomaterials can be leveraged to potentiate ablation.
Nanomaterial-enhanced HCC nerve ablation is a novel direction for future studies.
We provide new insights and directions for improving anti-tumor therapy for HCC.
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ABSTRACT
Ablation therapy is a cornerstone locoregional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with early-stage disease or those who are not surgical candidates. Despite its widespread use, ablation is limited by incomplete tumor destruction, heat-sink effects, and a high risk of local recurrence. Nanomaterials can enhance ablation efficiency, expand the effective treatment zone, and improve the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, effective HCC management strategies that leverage nanomaterials to potentiate ablation must be developed. Nanomaterials can augment imaging preoperatively, boost ablation efficacy intraoperatively, and modulate the tumor microenvironment postoperatively to prevent recurrence. In addition, nanomaterials can serve as carriers for chemotherapeutic, targeted, or immunomodulatory agents, enabling synergistic combinations of ablation with systemic or transarterial therapies. Building on the role of nanomaterials in potentiating ablation, this review systematically examines the mechanisms by which different classes of nanomaterials—including iron oxide nanoparticles, Au-based nanoparticles, liposomes, and hydrogels—enhance radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, photothermal ablation, magnetic hyperthermia, and cryoablation for HCC. We also discuss the clinical translation potential of these nanomaterials, providing new perspectives and research directions to advance ablation therapy for HCC. Our findings provide novel insights on developing effective anti-tumor therapy strategies based on ablation treatment for patients with HCC.-
Keywords:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma /
- Ablation /
- Nanomaterial /
- Microwave enhancement.
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REFERENCES
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Li H., Lan J., Qiu Y., et al. (2026). Advances in nanomaterial-enhanced ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The Innovation Oncology 1:100029. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-oncol.2026.100029
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Li H., Lan J., Qiu Y., et al. (2026). Advances in nanomaterial-enhanced ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The Innovation Oncology 1:100029. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-oncol.2026.100029
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Figure 1.
Enhancement of RFA in HCC using different types of nanomaterials
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Figure 2.
Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of TME enhances RFA in HCC
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Figure 3.
Enhancement of MWA in HCC using different types of nanomaterials
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Figure 4.
Nanomaterial-mediated modulation of TME enhances MWA for HCC
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Figure 5.
Metal-based nanomaterials and partial inorganic nonmetallic nanomaterials enhance PTT for HCC
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Figure 6.
Other inorganic nonmetallic nanomaterials enhance PTT for HCC
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Figure 7.
Nanomaterials loaded with small molecular dyes enhance PTT for HCC
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Figure 8.
Nanomaterial-mediated TME modulation enhances PTT in HCC
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Figure 9.
Nanomaterials enhance HIFU for HCC
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Figure 10.
Nanomaterials enhance MHA and cryoablation for HCC
