The effect of lunar declination on CO2 degassing from central Italian Apennines
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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The variation of aquifer’s chemical composition is related on periodical lunar tides in central Italian Apennines.
Lunar tides trigger fluid movement leading to periodic CO2 degassing from over-pressured reservoirs.
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ABSTRACT
The periodical degassing from CO2 over-pressured reservoirs may have serious consequences for the environment making urgent understanding the processes and forecasting the frequency. Prediction though needs methods that depends from temporal and spatial properties of hydro-chemical and physical reservoir characteristics that unfortunately are often lacking. We have analyzed surface emissions of CO2 attributed to over-pressured CO2-rich reservoirs in the Central Italian Apennines a zone characterized by significant periodical CO2 degassing. Here aquifers are hosted in Mesozoic limestone with high pCO2 groundwater and travertine deposits. We analyzed a 10-year temporal series and found that in the Apennines CO2 flux and aquifer fluid composition are correlated with the lunar tides. In particular, our study reveals that low CO2 flux corresponds with low lunar tidal potential values. We found a similar trend for dissolved calcium and water alkalinity, while pH values display a linear correlation with tidal cycles. The forces associated with tidal potentials are not capable of fracturing rock. However, they can, under certain conditions, drive the flow of fluids in over-pressured reservoirs, triggering sub-surface fluid movements that in turn modify the water–rock reactivity. In the central Apennines, we show that these movements result in increased dolomite dissolution and an eventual return to calcite equilibrium. In this case, dolomite dissolution breaks the rock releasing calcium into ground water, which leads to calcite equilibrium and in turn to the formation of significant quantities of travertine and the concomitant release of CO2 in the atmosphere. -
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REFERENCES
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Zuddas P. and Lopes F. (2024). The effect of lunar declination on CO2 degassing from central Italian Apennines. The Innovation Geoscience 2(2): 100073. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100073
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Zuddas P. and Lopes F. (2024). The effect of lunar declination on CO2 degassing from central Italian Apennines. The Innovation Geoscience 2(2): 100073. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100073
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Figure 1.
Map of CO2 degassing and location of the investigated aquifers (from Chiodini et al. 2020).
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Figure 2.
Evolution of pCO2 partial pressure and Lunar tide potential estimated by Eqn.5 during the 10 years of investigation.
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Figure 3.
Evolution of calcium, HCO3-, and pCO2 over time
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Figure 4.
Evolution of pH (green dots) as function of time for the year: June 2009-June 2010
