How a fungal order Hymenochaetales diversified in China inferred from its spatiotemporal pattern
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GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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PUBLIC SUMMARY
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The diversity indices of Hymenochaetales were generally higher in southern China with lower latitudes.
The lineages in highly suitable habitats concentrated in the central to southern China were oldest.
The Chinese ancestor was evaluated to originate 201.63 million years ago.
The two ancient divergence hotspots of Hymenochaetales underwent different diversification scenarios.
The differentiated diversification scenarios were correlated with local temperature and host plant density.
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ABSTRACT
Spatiotemporal pattern of biodiversity is an indicator of evolutionary history, and provides crucial information for recognizing evolutionary process of life on the Earth over time and space. Here, we for the first time comprehensively analyze macrofungal spatiotemporal pattern in China at the order level taking Hymenochaetales as the exemplar. A total of3950 occurrence records from all 490 known species in China are included, and the results indicate that species richness, weighted species endemism, phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism of Hymenochaetales were generally higher in southern China with lower latitudes. Accordingly, the predicted current highly suitable habitats for Hymenochaetales concentrated in the central to southern China, where the lineages of Hymenochaetales were older than those in habitats with other suitability levels. The Chinese ancestor of Hymenochaetales was evaluated to originate 201.63 million years ago with two ancient divergence hotspots. Since the origination, Hymenochaetales in southeastern China intensively diversified, while the other ancient divergence hotspot near Tianshan Mountains in the northwest of northwestern China underwent much less diversification. The differentiated fate of Hymenochaetales between these two ancient divergence hotspots was correlated with local temperature and host plant density. In summary, the current study revealed the diversification scenario of Hymenochaetales in China, and provided a leading demonstration for macrofungal macroevolution.-
Keywords:
- Basidiomycota /
- biodiversity /
- divergence time /
- evolutionary history /
- potential distribution
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Wang X.-W. and Zhou L.-W. (2026). How a fungal order Hymenochaetales diversified in China inferred from its spatiotemporal pattern. The Innovation Life 4:100197. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100197
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Wang X.-W. and Zhou L.-W. (2026). How a fungal order Hymenochaetales diversified in China inferred from its spatiotemporal pattern. The Innovation Life 4:100197. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-life.2026.100197
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Figure 1.
Patterns of species richness (A), weighted species endemism (B), phylogenetic diversity (C) and phylogenetic endemism (D) for Hymenochaetales in China
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Figure 2.
The current potential distribution of Hymenochaetales in China predicted by the ensemble model
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Figure 3.
Geographical patterns of the mean divergence times (MDTs; A, B), median divergence times (MedianDTs; C, D), and the null-model test to identify recent (blue in color) and ancient (red in color) divergence hotspots (E, F)
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Figure 4.
The Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric statistical tests of mean divergence times (MDTs) for four groups separately divided by geographical demarcation lines (A, B) and suitable habitats (C, D).
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Figure 5.
Correlation between 20 abiotic variables and mean divergence times (MDTs) at the genus level.
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Figure 6.
Patterns of host plant density (upper) in China and correlation between host plant density and mean divergence times (MDTs) of all genera (middle) and all species (bottom)
