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The Innovation Medicine > 2026 Vol. 4 > No. 3 > 100224
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The silent epidemic and pronounced disparities: A global review of the chronic kidney disease burden

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    Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China

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  • Corresponding author: anqunchen@163.com
  • Received Date:  January 05, 2026
    Accepted Date:  May 28, 2026
    Published Online:  May 29, 2026
The Innovation Medicine  4(3),  https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100224  |  Cite this article
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    • REFERENCES
  • [1] GBD 2023 Chronic Kidney Disease Collaborators. (2025). Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990–2023, and its attributable risk factors: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet 406:2461-2482. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00637-4

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    [2] Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2024). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 105:S1-S155. DOI:10.1016/j.kint.2024.03.018

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    [3] Fiseha T., Ekong N.E. and Osborne N.J. (2024). Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Africa: A review of the literature. Nephrology 29:177−187. DOI:10.1111/nep.14288

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    [4] Oguejiofor F., Kiggundu D.S., Bello A.K., et al. (2021). International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: Structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Africa. Kidney Int. Suppl. 11:e11−e23. DOI:10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.009

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    [5] Heerspink H.J.L., Stefánsson B.V., Correa-Rotter R., et al. (2020). Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 383:1436−1446. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa2024816

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  • Cite this article:

    Wang C., Long T. and Chen A. (2026). The silent epidemic and pronounced disparities: A global review of the chronic kidney disease burden. The Innovation Medicine 4:100224. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100224
    Wang C., Long T. and Chen A. (2026). The silent epidemic and pronounced disparities: A global review of the chronic kidney disease burden. The Innovation Medicine 4:100224. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-med.2026.100224

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