Fueling the fight: β-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic modulator of CAR T cell therapy
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REFERENCES
[1] Hou A. J., Chen L. C. and Chen Y. Y. (2021). Navigating CAR-T cells through the solid-tumour microenvironment. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 20:531−550. DOI:10.1038/s41573-021-00189-2 [2] Scharping N. E., Rivadeneira D. B., Menk A. V., et al. (2021). Mitochondrial stress induced by continuous stimulation under hypoxia rapidly drives T cell exhaustion. Nat. Immunol. 22:205−215. DOI:10.1038/s41590-020-00834-9 [3] Liu S., Guruprasad P., Ramasubramanian R., et al. (2026). β-hydroxybutyrate enhances the metabolic fitness of CAR T cells in cancer. Cell 189:1701−1716.e1724. DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2026.02.004 [4] Luda K. M., Longo J., Kitchen-Goosen S. M., et al. (2023). Ketolysis drives CD8(+) T cell effector function through effects on histone acetylation. Immunity 56:2021−2035.e2028. DOI:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.002 [5] Kumar A., Rivadeneira D. B., Mehta I., et al. (2026). Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell immunity. Nature. DOI:10.1038/s41586-026-10432-8 -
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Zhou X., Liu J., Chen C., et al. (2026). Fueling the fight: β-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic modulator of CAR T cell therapy. The Innovation Nutrition 1:100017. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-nutri.2026.100017
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Zhou X., Liu J., Chen C., et al. (2026). Fueling the fight: β-hydroxybutyrate as a metabolic modulator of CAR T cell therapy. The Innovation Nutrition 1:100017. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-nutri.2026.100017
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Figure 1.
Ketogenic input enhances CAR T cell function via BHB-driven reprogramming.
